ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the accordance of tidal volume (TV) with thoracic inflating volume (TIV) measured by pressure whole-body or double-chamber plethysmography in mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>TV and TIV by double-chamber plethysmography were simultaneously measured in 6 mice with spontaneous respiratory frequencies 90 - 120/min; TV and TIV by whole-body plethysmography were measured in 8 paralyzed mice ventilated by fixed frequency.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>TIV value by double-chamber plethysmography was significantly higher than TV [(0.369 +/- 0.014) ml vs (0.356 +/- 0.012) ml, P < 0.01)] in 6 spontaneously breathing mice. TIV value by whole-body plethysmography was significantly lower than TV[(0.233 +/- 0.003) ml vs 0.3 ml, P < 0.001] in 8 paralyzed mice.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The TV value assessed by TIV measurement can not be accurate, because of the humidifying and heating of inhaled air and negative thoracic pressure during the measurement.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Plethysmography, Whole Body , Respiratory Function Tests , Thorax , Tidal VolumeABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>Acute pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a serious high mortality pulmonary vascular disease whose effective treatment decreases morbidity and mortality. To determine if low-molecular-weight-heparin (LMWH) is clinically as efficient and safe as unfractionated heparin (UH) in patients with diagnosis of acute non-massive PTE, our study compares the efficacy, adverse effects and costs of LMWH and UH.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>One hundred and fourteen patients with non-massive acute PTE were randomly divided into LMWH (nadroparin calcium) and UH groups. Oxygenation index, D-dimer, fibrinogen (FG), lung ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) scan and computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) were observed before anticoagulation and on day 14 after anticoagulation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In both groups, the ABG (arterial blood gas) analysis showed PaO(2) and PaCO(2) were elevated, P(A-a)O(2) was decreased and oxygenation index (PaO(2)/FIO(2)) was elevated, D-dimer and fibrinogen were decreased, lung V/Q and CTPA showed embolized segments reduced (P<0.05). Hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia occurred in 3.5% of the LMWH group. Hemorrhage occurred in 5.3% and thrombocytopenia occurred in 7.0% of the UH group. The average cost in the LMWH group was RMB 1218.60 Yuan and RMB 1541.40 Yuan in the UH group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>LMWH and UH are equally effective for treatment of non-massive acute PTE, but LMWH may have a lower prevalence of complications and is less expensive.</p>